Water and sanitation
Water, a necessity for life, was also the cause of many problems in the past. Traditionally water came from rivers, wells and pumps. Overstretched and polluted the water supplies became unhealthy. Good clean water resources were unreliable, even for the wealthy. Personal hygiene developments brought a new demand for water, cleanliness became much more important. After 1880 Compulsory education encouraged children to wash more regularly. Industrial water requirements were also growing. Cholera epidemics came in 1831-2, 1848, 1854 and 1866 which underlined the need for healthy water and good sewerage treatment. The two campaigns for good water supplies and sewerage became one great mission for reformers. Problems in 1858 in London (around Parliament and dismaying MP's- 'The Great Stink") spurred on developments. Bazalgette's sewerage scheme for London was copied throughout the Country. Fresh water supplies came later to replace water carts and other newer sources of expensive fresh water. Municipal Politicians like Joseph Chamberlain campaigned for Municipal control of water and gas supplies, with profits going into Municipal 'grand projects' like art galleries, museums etc., This campaign was only partly successful as in 1897 there was still 346 private water companies to 614 municipally controlled ones. Public baths and laundries were built. People had become cleaner and healthier yet ironically enjoyed visits to seaside resorts where there were still sanitation problems caused by rapid development.
Water and sanitationWater, a necessity for life, was also the cause of many problems in the past. Traditionally water came from rivers, wells and pumps. Overstretched and polluted the water supplies became unhealthy. Good clean water resources were unreliable, even for the wealthy. Personal hygiene developments brought a new demand for water, cleanliness became much more important. After 1880 Compulsory education encouraged children to wash more regularly. Industrial water requirements were also growing. Cholera epidemics came in 1831-2, 1848, 1854 and 1866 which underlined the need for healthy water and good sewerage treatment. The two campaigns for good water supplies and sewerage became one great mission for reformers. Problems in 1858 in London (around Parliament and dismaying MP's- 'The Great Stink") spurred on developments. Bazalgette's sewerage scheme for London was copied throughout the Country. Fresh water supplies came later to replace water carts and other newer sources of expensive fresh water. Municipal Politicians like Joseph Chamberlain campaigned for Municipal control of water and gas supplies, with profits going into Municipal 'grand projects' like art galleries, museums etc., This campaign was only partly successful as in 1897 there was still 346 private water companies to 614 municipally controlled ones. Public baths and laundries were built. People had become cleaner and healthier yet ironically enjoyed visits to seaside resorts where there were still sanitation problems caused by rapid development.
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