This value of WHC indicated that PFA has potential applications in products requiring hydration, viscosity development, and freshness preservation, such as baked foods or cooked meat products. Other co-products have been seen to have lower values than those mentioned above and similar to those found for PFSP e.g. date paste obtained from date co-products (Sánchez-Zapata et al., 2011) or ripe banana pulp flour (Al-karkhi, Ramli, Yong, & Easa, 2011).