As-needed medications were definitive
doses (and not associated with range of dosages). All scheduled or pain /sedative medications given by continuous infusion were also excluded from the review In addition,2 subanalyses were performed to determine whether a change in administration disteibution was present: (1) as- needed doses administered during the 6 hours immediately after the operation were removed in I subanalysis and
(2) chloral hydrate doses ordered as a onetime. An unschrduled doses,and/or bedtime as needed for insomnia were removed in separate subanalysis.