4.1. Quantifying initial modularity
This stage evaluates the modularity of the base versions in order to have an overall
understanding of the modularity attributes of the ¯rst release of each OO and AO
implementations of HW system. Instead of analyzing each individual metric result,
we provide a general view of the meanings behind the results. Figure 6 presents the
modularity results for SoC, coupling, and size in the base version regarding design by
contract crosscutting concern.