observations), for the companies that amortized or impaired goodwill completely, or that have never
engaged in a business combination, goodwill takes the value zero. AICit is the amortization and
impairment charges of intangible assets and goodwill per share in the year. b0 is an estimate of market
value when all intangible items in the balance sheets take the value zero. b1, b2, b3 are constants used to
test the associations between market values and intangible items. mit is the part of market values that is
not explained by intangibles. The value relevance of intangible items has been measured by the
coefficient of determination (R2
IN) of model (2), which measures the volatility of market values that can
be explained by intangible items.