The organizational structure of the institution where this research was performed has
multiple levels of rank or leadership, such as vice president, associate vice president,
managing director, director, and manager. The higher education university is also divided
into four areas, or divisions, of responsibility with a vice president over each area. All
departments and offices fall under the direction of one of these four vice presidents. Each
department has various title descriptions for their personnel. All administrator and staff
personnel who fell into level 1, level 2, level 3, and level 4 of the university’s official
organizational chart and who also had stewardship or managing authority of other personnel
were invited to participate in the leadership questionnaire.