Model meatballs of pure and deliberate contaminations were prepared in laboratory and five different halal branded beef meatballs (designated as A–E) were procured from three different Malaysian outlets on three different days. The statistical data of tested samples are given in Table 2 and experimental results (electrophoretic gel image and electropherograms) are presented in Fig. 3. While all model meatballs with deliberate adulterations were positively detected target species in blind experiment, all commercial samples were found with negative targets