Conclusion
Dolutegravir, the newest INSTI, is an effective antiretroviral agent for both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients infected with HIV. This is driven by effective virologic suppression, good tolerability, infrequent drug–drug interactions, and once-daily administration. Co-formulation of dolutegravir with abacavir–lamivudine maximizes adherence and should be considered among the initial options for the treatment-naïve. In the treatment-experienced, including those with INSTI resistance, dolutegravir remains effective when taken twice daily. Future studies will hopefully extend the effectiveness to populations underrepresented in current clinical trials. Perhaps the most novel aspect of dolutegravir is the high barrier to resistance, which may have important public health implications by reducing the development, and subsequent transmission, of resistance mutations.