situations make auditors become more careful and
they have to perform more audit procedures so that
the audit fee is higherthan normal situation. This
result is consistent with prior studies of Barkess and
Simnett, 1994; Bell et al. 2001; Francis and Simon,
1987; Palmrose, 1986; Simunic, 1980. This evidence
supports the first hypothesis (H1) that audit clients
with modified financial reports pay higher audit fee
than those with unqualified financial reports. There is
no significant difference between audit fees of firms
with unqualified opinion and those with disclaimer of
opinion. Firms with disclaimer of opinion may have
sufficient and appropriate audit evidence on their
audit issues and auditors can express their opinions
without further investigation. Thus, audit fee for this
type of firm is not different from that for firm with
clean opinion. Furthermore, disclaimed opinion firms
usually have financial problems and they are unable
to pay for high audit fees.