The primary objectives of this article were to review the biological activities of condensed tannins (CT)
and to summarize much of what we know about how CT demonstrate biological activity in the ruminant
environment. The complex characteristics of CT, such as variability in extent of condensation,
heterogeneity of functional groups and degree of polymerization have contributed to the difficulty
elucidating their role and modes of action relative to biological activities throughout the ruminant
environment. These are constraints to understanding the extent of biological impacts of CT. The
determination of molecular weight of CT fractions from native leguminous forage commonly fed to
ruminants, relative to reduction of emissions of greenhouse gasses (e.g. methane) by ruminant animals,
as well as the maintenance or improvement of overall animal performance, has not been adequately
explored. Such knowledge could result in improved animal performance through use of CT containing
plants for gastrointestinal parasite suppression, nutrient-use efficiency and decreased ruminal CH4
emissions, the latter a major environmental concern. In the present review we present evidences
supporting that the molecular weight of CT, in addition to the concentration, may be a factor in
determining biological activity of CT relative to the ruminant environment
The primary objectives of this article were to review the biological activities of condensed tannins (CT)and to summarize much of what we know about how CT demonstrate biological activity in the ruminantenvironment. The complex characteristics of CT, such as variability in extent of condensation,heterogeneity of functional groups and degree of polymerization have contributed to the difficultyelucidating their role and modes of action relative to biological activities throughout the ruminantenvironment. These are constraints to understanding the extent of biological impacts of CT. Thedetermination of molecular weight of CT fractions from native leguminous forage commonly fed toruminants, relative to reduction of emissions of greenhouse gasses (e.g. methane) by ruminant animals,as well as the maintenance or improvement of overall animal performance, has not been adequatelyexplored. Such knowledge could result in improved animal performance through use of CT containingplants for gastrointestinal parasite suppression, nutrient-use efficiency and decreased ruminal CH4emissions, the latter a major environmental concern. In the present review we present evidencessupporting that the molecular weight of CT, in addition to the concentration, may be a factor indetermining biological activity of CT relative to the ruminant environment
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