The IR analysis of hydrogel also confirms the presence of intermediate boehmite as well as Zr–O bond of non-crystalline
zirconia (Fig. 2a). Calcination at higher temperature (1000 8C) induces further phase transition in boehmite as well as
crystallization of zirconia from amorphous zirconium hydroxide (Fig. 3b). At this temperature, the following phases were
identified m-ZrO2, t-ZrO2, d-Al2O3, u-Al2O3 and a-Al2O3. The crystallite size of the calcined powder at 1000 8C for 2 h is in the range of 20–160 nm. Usually a-Al2O3 crystallizes around 1200 8C, however, in the present study the lower crystallization temperature of a-Al2O3 could be related to the fine crystallite size and higher specific surface area. The phases present at the highest treatment temperature (1400 8C) are a-Al2O3, t-ZrO2 and m-ZrO2 (Fig. 3c). The increase in m-ZrO2 content at 1400 8C results from an increase in the grain size of zirconia, which induces partial t–m transformation during cooling. Thus, XRD analysis of A15Z emphasizes that the phase transformation from bayerite to a-Al2O3 agrees well with earlier studies [20]. The reduction of specific volume to the extent of 24% is observed during phase transformation of boehmite (0.332 cm3 /g) to a-Al2O3 (0.251 cm3 /g), probably results in the generation of intraparticle porosity in the alumina particles [21].
The IR analysis of hydrogel also confirms the presence of intermediate boehmite as well as Zr–O bond of non-crystallinezirconia (Fig. 2a). Calcination at higher temperature (1000 8C) induces further phase transition in boehmite as well ascrystallization of zirconia from amorphous zirconium hydroxide (Fig. 3b). At this temperature, the following phases wereidentified m-ZrO2, t-ZrO2, d-Al2O3, u-Al2O3 and a-Al2O3. The crystallite size of the calcined powder at 1000 8C for 2 h is in the range of 20–160 nm. Usually a-Al2O3 crystallizes around 1200 8C, however, in the present study the lower crystallization temperature of a-Al2O3 could be related to the fine crystallite size and higher specific surface area. The phases present at the highest treatment temperature (1400 8C) are a-Al2O3, t-ZrO2 and m-ZrO2 (Fig. 3c). The increase in m-ZrO2 content at 1400 8C results from an increase in the grain size of zirconia, which induces partial t–m transformation during cooling. Thus, XRD analysis of A15Z emphasizes that the phase transformation from bayerite to a-Al2O3 agrees well with earlier studies [20]. The reduction of specific volume to the extent of 24% is observed during phase transformation of boehmite (0.332 cm3 /g) to a-Al2O3 (0.251 cm3 /g), probably results in the generation of intraparticle porosity in the alumina particles [21].
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