In probability theory and statistics, the Gumbel distribution
(Gumbel 1954) is used to model the distribution of the maximum
or the minimum values of a number of samples of
various distributions. For example, in hydrology, the
Gumbel probability distribution is used to analyse variables
such as monthly and annual maximum values of daily rainfall
and river discharge volumes (Ritzema 1994) and also to
describe droughts (Burke et al. 2010). It is also used to predict
when extreme events such as earthquakes, floods and other
natural disasters will occur.