More formally, threat appraisal is the process by which users assess threats toward themselves, including the severity of the threats and one’s susceptibility to them. Examples of these and the other user education strategies found here, along with the names of related variables found in prior research and empirical evidence supporting them, are shown in Table 2. The subheadings in the table are organized around the headings in this article and reflect key concepts in Protection Motivation Theory (threat appraisal, coping appraisal, rewards and costs), the Elaboration Likelihood Model (involvement), and Social Cognitive Theory (self-regulation). The interested reader will find an overview of these theories in