A series of cross-country studies (Gruber and Wise 1999,
2004, 2007) investigated the impact of social security provisions on retirement, finding
that inducements to retire inherent in social security policy provisions are very strongly
related to work at older ages and in many countries induce early retirement. Blöndal
and Scarpetta (1999) reproduce the Gruber and Wise (1999) analysis for more OECD
countries. Lumsdaine and Mitchell (1999) provide a summary of the retirement and
incentives literature.