3.2 MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION
3.2.1 Arundo donax L.
Perennial habit, rhizomatus, erect culm,
100cm to 250 cm in length. leaf blades lanceolate in
shape, rounded at lower side, pointed at tip, with a
glaberous surface. Leaf size ranging from 23-51 cm
lengthwise and 2-6 mm in width. Lacerate
Membranous ligule, 0.5- 0.7 mm lengthwise.
Inflorescence: panicle 17-29cm in length, Spikelets
ranging in size from 10-15 mm. Glumes unequal,
lanceolate in shape, 3 veined, dark purple or
brown in colour. upper glume longer in size as compared to lower glume. Upper glume 6-10mm
long while lower glume ranges from 4.5 -8mm in
length. Floret size ranges from 2-3 mm. Lemmas
lanceolate, long hairs arising from base, 3 nerved,
4-6 mm in length. Palea shorter then lemma, 2-5
mm in length. Anthers of orangish yellow colour
with size of 1.5-2 mm. Caryopsis 4-5 mm, oblong
in shape.
3.2.2 Aristida adscensionis L.
Annual grass, rhizomatous, tufted culms
branched 2-58 cm in height. Linear leaf blades, flat
or folded, scaberous surface, 3.5-16.5 cm in length,
1-1.6 mm in width. Ligule a hairy fringe with very
long hair, 0.5 mm in size. Leaf sheath glaucous.
Panicle 13-20 cm in length, Spikelets purple or light
green in coloure, lanceolate. 3.8-7.9 mm in length
with awn extensions. Glumes unequal, lanceolate,
tip toothed, brown in colour. Upper glume 1
nerved, 5.5-8.5 mm in length while lower glume
4.8-6.2 mm in length. Keeled lemma present with 3
awn extensions. Lemma size 4.6-7.9 mm, awn
length unequal, middle one longer in size then
lateral ones. Middle awn 12-18.5 cm in length
while lateral ones are 8.2-17 cm in length. Palea
thin, membranous, obtuse 0.4-0.8 mm in length.
Lodicules elliptical, membranous 1.5-1.7 mm in
size. Anthers 1.5-2mm in length. Caryopsis 4.5-5.6
mm in length. (Plate 2a)
3.2.3 A. funiculata Trin. & Rupr.
Annual grass, tufted culms, 12-36 cm in
length. Leaf blades flat 4-10 cm in length, 2-3.5 mm
in width. Ligule a ciliated fringe 0.3-0.4 mm in
length. Panicle linear, about 8-12 cm in length.
Spikelets brownish green in colour, Glumes linear,
membranous, finely attenuate, unequal, lanceolate,
membranous, Upper glume 6.5-7 mm in length,
lower 5-6 mm in length. Lemma cylindrical,
scabrid surface, 2-3.5 mm in length. Awns
extensions present, trifid, unequal, middle one 3-
5.5 mm in length. Caryopsis hard, brownish, 3.5-4
mm in length.
3.2.4 Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers.
Perennial grass, prostrate and spreading,
rhizomatous or stoloniferous culms creeping at the
base and upright at later stages 8-43 cm in length,
glaberous surface. Leaf blade flate, scaberous
margins, glaberous 2-5.5 cm lengthwise and 1.1-1.4
mm in width. Leaf sheaths glaberous with
membranous margins. Hairy ligule a short ciliolate
rim, 0.3-0.4 mm in size. Inflorescence: digitate
having 4-5 spikes. Spikelets 1.5-4 cm in length, 0.8-
2 mm in width. One floret in each spikelet, jointed
with rachis, floret 1.6-2.1 mm in length, greenish or
violet in color. Glumes unequal, upper glume 1.6-
2.8 mm in length, lower 1.3-2.4mm in length, both
lanceolate and 1 nerved. Lemma pubescent, 3
nerved, ovate or lanceolate in shape, awnless, 1.6-
1.9 mm in length. Palea shorter then lemma, about
1.3 mm in length, 2 keeled. Anthers 0.8 mm in
length, caryopsis oblong in shape, 1.2-1.8 mm in
size.
3.2.5 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Linn.)Willd
Annual grass, culms 25-46 cm in length,
ganiculately ascending, rooting at lower nodes.
Leaf blades flat with hispid margins, 3-14.5 cm in
length, 2.5-5 mm in width. Ligule ciliated fringe,
0.8-1.3 mm in length. Inflorescence digitate, 4-6
spikes, 1.5-3.5 cm lengthwise. Spikelets 1.5-3 mm
long, ovate, 3 florets present. Glumes equal,
lanceolate, 1 nerved, keeled, 2-2.5 mm lengthwise.
Upper glume with an awn extension about 1 mm
in length. Lemmas 1.5-2 mm in length, lanceolate, 3
nerved, Palea shorter then lemma, hyaline, keeled.
Anthers 0.5 mm in length. Caryopsis obovate in
shape, 1 mm in length.
3.2.6 Desmostachya bipinnata (Linn.) Stapf.
Tall perennial grass, rhizomatous, culms
100-120 cm in height, Leaf blades stiff, flat,18-56 cm
in length, 3-8.5 mm in width. Lacerate
membranous ligule 0.5mm in length. Inflorescence:
Panicle with clustered spikes 0.8-2.9 mm in length.
Spikelets ovate to oblong, 1-2.6 mm in length.
Glumes lanceolate, both 1 nerved, unequal in size.
Upper glume larger then lower 0.5-1.4 mm in size,
lower glume about half as long as upper glume.
Lemmas 1-3 nerved, coriacious,1.5 mm in length. 2
keeled membranous palea, almost equal in length
to lemma. Anthers 0.4-0.8 mm in length. Caryopsis
ovoid in shape and about 1 mm in length.
3.2.7 Eleusine indica (Linn.)Gaertn
Annual grass, tufted culms 21-37 cm tall.
Leaf blades linear with a smooth surface, ranging
in size from 11-19 cm in length and 2-5 mm in
width. Membranous ligule with rough margins,
0.5-0.6 mm in length. Inflorescence digitate,number
of spikes usually 3-5, rarely 3. Spikes ranging in
length from 2.5 to 7 cm. 4-7 florets present in 1
spikelet. Elleptical spikes with yellowish green
colour. Glumes acute, unequal, Upper 1 nerved,
scabrid margins 1.9-2.1 mm in length and 0.6- 1
mm in width, Lower glume 3 nerved, 1.5-1.9 mm
in length. Lanceolate lemmas with acute tip, 1.2-1.7
mm in length, palea nearly same size as palea.
Elleptical caryopsis about 1.5-2.1 mm.
3.2.8 Octhochloa compressa (Forssk.) Hilu.
Perennial grass, stolonifeous, culms 17-24
cm in height, prostrate or ganiculately ascending.
Leaf blades linear with a glaucous surface, 1.3-4.5
cm in size, 1.2-1.6 mm in width. Ciliated ligule, 0.5
mm in size. Glaberous leaf sheath with ciliated
base. Inflorescence: Digitate 2-4 spikes. Spikes 4-18
cm in length, spikelets 3.5-4.7 mm in length. 2-5 florets in one spikelet. Glumes lanceolate in shape,
purple in color, unequal in size. Upper glume 3
nerved, 2.5-3.3 mm in length, lower glume 1-3
nerved, 1.7-2.4 mm in length. Lemmas lanceolate,
coriacious, ciliated margins, 2.6-3.8 mm in length.
Palea 2 keeled, boat shaped, Anthers 0.4-0.6 mm in
length, Style 0.2-0.5 mm. Caryopsis 0.9-1.2 mm in
length.
3.2 คำอธิบายของ3.2.1 Arundo donax L.เพเรนเนียลนิสัย rhizomatus ชำ ลำตรงซม. 100 ซม.ความยาว 250 ใบมีดใบ lanceolate ในรูปร่าง ปัดด้านล่าง ชี้ไปที่คำแนะนำ มีการพื้นผิว glaberous ใบขนาดตั้งแต่ 23-51 ซม.lengthwise และ 2-6 มม.ความกว้าง LacerateMembranous ligule, 0.5-0.7 mm ตามยาวInflorescence: panicle 17-29 ซม.ความยาว Spikeletsขนาดจาก 10-15 mm. Glumes ไม่เท่ากันlanceolate ในรูปร่าง สีม่วงเข้ม veined 3 หรือสีน้ำตาลสี glume บนยาวขนาดเมื่อเทียบกับ glume ล่าง Glume บน 6-10 มม.ยาวขณะช่วง glume ล่างจาก 4.5 มม.-8ความยาว Floret ขนาดช่วงจาก 2-3 mm. Lemmaslanceolate ยาวเส้นขนที่เกิดจากฐาน 3 nerved4-6 มม.ความยาว Palea สั้นแล้วจับมือ 2-5มม.ความยาว เหมือนสีเหลือง orangishด้วยขนาดของ 1.5-2 มม. Caryopsis 4-5 มม. เมาส์รูปร่าง3.2.2 Aristida adscensionis L.ปีหญ้า rhizomatous, tufted culmsแบบแยกสาขา 2-58 ซม.สูง ใบเส้นใบ แบนหรือพับ scaberous ผิว 3.5-16.5 ซม.ความยาว1-1.6 มม.ความกว้าง Ligule ที่ผมเพิ่มเติมมีมากผมยาว ขนาด 0.5 มม. ใบไม้ sheath glaucousPanicle 13-20 ซม.ยาว Spikelets สีม่วง หรือแสงเขียวใน coloure, lanceolate 3.8-7.9 มม.ความยาวมี awn ส่วนขยาย Glumes ไม่ lanceolateแนะนำสีน้ำตาล toothed Glume บน 1nerved, 5.5-8.5 มม.ความยาวขณะ glume ล่าง4.8-6.2 มม.ความยาว จับมือ keeled ปัจจุบัน มี 3awn extensions. Lemma size 4.6-7.9 mm, awnlength unequal, middle one longer in size thenlateral ones. Middle awn 12-18.5 cm in lengthwhile lateral ones are 8.2-17 cm in length. Paleathin, membranous, obtuse 0.4-0.8 mm in length.Lodicules elliptical, membranous 1.5-1.7 mm insize. Anthers 1.5-2mm in length. Caryopsis 4.5-5.6mm in length. (Plate 2a)3.2.3 A. funiculata Trin. & Rupr.Annual grass, tufted culms, 12-36 cm inlength. Leaf blades flat 4-10 cm in length, 2-3.5 mmin width. Ligule a ciliated fringe 0.3-0.4 mm inlength. Panicle linear, about 8-12 cm in length.Spikelets brownish green in colour, Glumes linear,membranous, finely attenuate, unequal, lanceolate,membranous, Upper glume 6.5-7 mm in length,lower 5-6 mm in length. Lemma cylindrical,scabrid surface, 2-3.5 mm in length. Awnsextensions present, trifid, unequal, middle one 3-5.5 mm in length. Caryopsis hard, brownish, 3.5-4mm in length.3.2.4 Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers.Perennial grass, prostrate and spreading,rhizomatous or stoloniferous culms creeping at thebase and upright at later stages 8-43 cm in length,glaberous surface. Leaf blade flate, scaberousmargins, glaberous 2-5.5 cm lengthwise and 1.1-1.4mm in width. Leaf sheaths glaberous withmembranous margins. Hairy ligule a short ciliolaterim, 0.3-0.4 mm in size. Inflorescence: digitatehaving 4-5 spikes. Spikelets 1.5-4 cm in length, 0.8-2 mm in width. One floret in each spikelet, jointedwith rachis, floret 1.6-2.1 mm in length, greenish orviolet in color. Glumes unequal, upper glume 1.6-2.8 mm in length, lower 1.3-2.4mm in length, bothlanceolate and 1 nerved. Lemma pubescent, 3nerved, ovate or lanceolate in shape, awnless, 1.6-1.9 mm in length. Palea shorter then lemma, about1.3 mm in length, 2 keeled. Anthers 0.8 mm inlength, caryopsis oblong in shape, 1.2-1.8 mm insize.3.2.5 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Linn.)WilldAnnual grass, culms 25-46 cm in length,ganiculately ascending, rooting at lower nodes.Leaf blades flat with hispid margins, 3-14.5 cm inlength, 2.5-5 mm in width. Ligule ciliated fringe,0.8-1.3 mm in length. Inflorescence digitate, 4-6spikes, 1.5-3.5 cm lengthwise. Spikelets 1.5-3 mmlong, ovate, 3 florets present. Glumes equal,lanceolate, 1 nerved, keeled, 2-2.5 mm lengthwise.Upper glume with an awn extension about 1 mmin length. Lemmas 1.5-2 mm in length, lanceolate, 3nerved, Palea shorter then lemma, hyaline, keeled.Anthers 0.5 mm in length. Caryopsis obovate inshape, 1 mm in length.3.2.6 Desmostachya bipinnata (Linn.) Stapf.Tall perennial grass, rhizomatous, culms100-120 cm in height, Leaf blades stiff, flat,18-56 cmin length, 3-8.5 mm in width. Laceratemembranous ligule 0.5mm in length. Inflorescence:Panicle with clustered spikes 0.8-2.9 mm in length.Spikelets ovate to oblong, 1-2.6 mm in length.Glumes lanceolate, both 1 nerved, unequal in size.Upper glume larger then lower 0.5-1.4 mm in size,glume ล่างเกี่ยวกับครึ่งหนึ่งเป็นเวลานาน glume บนLemmas 1-3 nerved, coriacious, 1.5 มม.ความยาว 2keeled membranous palea เกือบเท่าความยาวการจับมือกัน เหมือน 0.4-0.8 มม.ความยาว Caryopsisovoid ในรูปร่าง และความยาวประมาณ 1 มม.3.2.7 Eleusine indica (งานผลิต) Gaertnปีหญ้า tufted culms 21-37 ซม.สูงใบไม้เส้น มีผิวเรียบ ใบมีดตั้งแต่ขนาดยาว 11-19 ซม.และ 2-5 มม.ความกว้าง Ligule membranous กับขอบหยาบ0.5-0.6 มม.ความยาว Inflorescence digitate หมายเลขของ spikes ปกติ 3-5, 3 ไม่ค่อย ตั้งแต่ใน spikesความยาวจาก 2.5 ถึง 7 ซม. florets 4-7 แสดงใน 1spikelet Spikes Elleptical กับเขียวอมเหลืองสี Glumes เฉียบพลัน ไม่ บน 1 nervedscabrid ขอบ 1.9-2.1 mm ในความยาว 0.6-1มม.ความกว้าง glume ล่าง 3 nerved, 1.5-1.9 มม.ในความยาว Lemmas lanceolate มีคำแนะนำเฉียบพลัน 1.2-1.7มม.ความยาว ขนาดเดียวกันกับเกือบ palea paleaElleptical caryopsis ประมาณ 1.5-2.1 mm3.2.8 Octhochloa compressa (Forssk) Hiluยืนต้นหญ้า stolonifeous, culms 17-24ซม.ความสูง prostrate หรือเรียง ganiculatelyใบมีดใบเส้นกับพื้นผิว glaucous, 1.3-4.5ซม.ขนาด 1.2-1.6 มม.ความกว้าง Ciliated ligule, 0.5มม.ขนาด Glaberous sheath ใบไม้กับ ciliatedฐาน Inflorescence: spikes Digitate 2-4 Spikes 4-18ซม.ความยาว spikelets 3.5-4.7 มม.ความยาว florets 2-5 ใน spikelet หนึ่ง Glumes lanceolate ในรูปร่างสีม่วง สีไม่เท่ากันในขนาด Glume บน 3nerved, 2.5-3.3 mm in length, lower glume 1-3nerved, 1.7-2.4 mm in length. Lemmas lanceolate,coriacious, ciliated margins, 2.6-3.8 mm in length.Palea 2 keeled, boat shaped, Anthers 0.4-0.6 mm inlength, Style 0.2-0.5 mm. Caryopsis 0.9-1.2 mm inlength.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..