In a comparison of average pre-test-and post-test normed scores by treatment, the
second graders improved their scores modestly for both the Mozart and Shostakovich groups but experienced a significant improvement in the silence group. This indicated
that while there is improvement in both of the music groups, the students at this grade
level may have been distracted by the musical selections and performed much better after
an equal period of silence. The third graders scored highest in the Mozart group, but also
showed moderate increases in both the Shostakovich and silence groups.