It should be noted that research has shown cold ad-aptation will occur, granted the modality is consistent in temperature and applied to the same area over several treatments (Carman and Knight, 1992).The participants in the present study were unaccustomed to the application of cryotherapy. Therefore, along with the physiological effect of cryotherapy some type of psychological effect may have also played a role in the decreased performance following treatment leading to a placebo effect. For example, subjects may have associated the cold whirlpool treatment with feeling stiff or uncoordinated and therefore, were apprehensive during movement resulting in decreases in performances. Further research is necessary in the area of functional performance on unaccustomed versus accustomed users of cryotherapy.