Common Political Factors
Let's look at some common political factors that influence the international business landscape. The type of economic system a country builds is a political choice. Foreign countries often will have different economic systems from your domestic market and adjustments often need to be made to take these differences into account.
For example, a country may operate in a market economy where private individuals own most of the property and operate most of the businesses. A market economy is usually the best economic environment for a foreign business because of the protection of private property and contract rights.
Some countries lean more towards a socialist economy where many industries and businesses are owned by the state. Operating businesses in this environment will be more difficult, but products can still be produced and sold as people still pick their jobs and earn money.
A few countries operate under a communistic economic system where the state pretty much controls all aspects of the economy. Conducting business in this environment ranges from difficult to impossible.
Of course, the reality is that all economies are mixed economies that take parts from two or more of the 'pure' economic systems. For example, you can conduct business in communist China in Hong Kong and other special areas where a market economy is allowed to operate.
Businesses also must often contend with different governmental systems. Examples include democracies, authoritarian governments, and monarchies. Some governments are easier to work with than others. Democracies, for example, are answerable to their citizens and the rule of law.
Authoritarian regimes are usually answerable to no one, including the law. It is less risky to conduct business in democracies and constitutional monarchies, a monarchy with a constitution that protects the public and subjects the monarch to the rule of law, than in countries with authoritarian regimes.
The next major factor is trade agreements. Countries often enter into trade agreements to help facilitate trade between them. If your country has entered into a trade agreement with another country, conducting business in that country will usually be easier and less risky because the trade agreement will provide some predictability and protection. One great advantage, for example, is that your products will be subjected to fewer trade barriers that serve as obstacles to exporting your products into the country.
A trade barrier is simply anything that makes it harder for a company to export products to a foreign country. Formal trade barriers are enacted by governments for the purpose of restricting imports to protect a country's domestic industries. Formal trade barriers include tariffs, which are taxes on imports that helps make domestic products more competitive, and product quotas that limit the number of products imported into the country.
ปัจจัยทางการเมืองทั่วไปลองดูที่ปัจจัยทางการเมืองทั่วไปที่มีอิทธิพลต่อภูมิทัศน์ทางธุรกิจระหว่างประเทศ ชนิดของระบบเศรษฐกิจของประเทศสร้างเป็นทางเลือกทางการเมือง ต่างประเทศมักจะมีระบบเศรษฐกิจที่แตกต่างจากตลาดในประเทศของคุณ และปรับปรุงมักจะต้องทำการแตกต่างในบัญชีเช่น ประเทศอาจดำเนินงานในระบบเศรษฐกิจตลาดที่เอกชนเป็นเจ้าของส่วนใหญ่ของคุณสมบัติ และดำเนินการของธุรกิจ ระบบเศรษฐกิจตลาดคือมักจะ แวดล้อมทางเศรษฐกิจที่ดีที่สุดสำหรับธุรกิจต่างประเทศเนื่องจากการคุ้มครองสิทธิทรัพย์สินและสัญญาส่วนตัวบางประเทศเรียนเพิ่มเติมต่อเศรษฐกิจสังคมนิยมที่หลายอุตสาหกรรมและธุรกิจเป็นของรัฐ ดำเนินธุรกิจในสภาพแวดล้อมนี้จะยากมากขึ้น แต่ยังคงสามารถผลิต และขายเป็นคนนิ่งรับงาน และรายได้ผลิตภัณฑ์บางประเทศดำเนินงานภายใต้ระบบเศรษฐกิจแบบ communistic ที่รัฐควบคุมทุกด้านของเศรษฐกิจสวยมาก ดำเนินธุรกิจในช่วงนี้สภาพแวดล้อมจากยากถึงเป็นไปไม่ได้แน่นอน ความเป็นจริงว่า ทั้งเศรษฐกิจเป็นเศรษฐกิจแบบผสมที่ใช้ชิ้นส่วนจากสองหรือมากกว่าหนึ่งระบบเศรษฐกิจ 'บริสุทธิ์' ตัวอย่างเช่น คุณสามารถดำเนินธุรกิจในจีนคอมมิวนิสต์ใน Hong Kong และพื้นที่พิเศษอื่น ๆ ที่ระบบเศรษฐกิจตลาดที่สามารถดำเนินการBusinesses also must often contend with different governmental systems. Examples include democracies, authoritarian governments, and monarchies. Some governments are easier to work with than others. Democracies, for example, are answerable to their citizens and the rule of law.Authoritarian regimes are usually answerable to no one, including the law. It is less risky to conduct business in democracies and constitutional monarchies, a monarchy with a constitution that protects the public and subjects the monarch to the rule of law, than in countries with authoritarian regimes.The next major factor is trade agreements. Countries often enter into trade agreements to help facilitate trade between them. If your country has entered into a trade agreement with another country, conducting business in that country will usually be easier and less risky because the trade agreement will provide some predictability and protection. One great advantage, for example, is that your products will be subjected to fewer trade barriers that serve as obstacles to exporting your products into the country.A trade barrier is simply anything that makes it harder for a company to export products to a foreign country. Formal trade barriers are enacted by governments for the purpose of restricting imports to protect a country's domestic industries. Formal trade barriers include tariffs, which are taxes on imports that helps make domestic products more competitive, and product quotas that limit the number of products imported into the country.
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