The ion exchange treatment consists of passing the wine through a column containing resin in cationic or anionic form. In cation form, the resin may be charged with sodium (Na+) or hydrogen (H+), or a mixture of Na+ and H+. When the wine is treated with cationic resin in sodium form, the Na+ of the resin is exchanged with K+ (and other cations such as Ca++ and Mg++) from the wine. This results in the formation of sodium bitartrate which is more soluble. There is a slight reduction in acidity. The increase in sodium content of the wine could be undesirable. In such a situation a mixed resin in Na+ and H+ form could be used. This would limit the amount of Na+ in the wine. However, the acidity of the wine would increase due to the exchange between the H+ ion (from resin) and the K+ ion (from wine). This may be suitable for treating low acid wine, which would benefit from increased acidity while being stabilized.