Introduction
Vegetable oil has won attention as a renewable resource upon the background of environmental concerns and fossil fuel depletion [1–6]. Dimer acids, produced by the dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids from vegetable oil, are highly value-added products and are widely used as adhesives [7–9], plastic additives [10,11], and lubricants [12]. Several synthesis methods have been investigated to date to obtain dimer acids. However, the reported methods inevitably produce a mixture of several isomers of dimer acids including acyclic and cyclic dimer acids (CDAs) owing to the use of different raw materials. Due to several possible couplings, synthesized CDAs may have several chemically different side arms on the cyclic ring. Moreover, both the detection and separation of specific dimer acids from the product mixture are difficult due to the similar in molecular weights of the acids. The development of analysis techniques for such complex compounds is therefore required.
IntroductionVegetable oil has won attention as a renewable resource upon the background of environmental concerns and fossil fuel depletion [1–6]. Dimer acids, produced by the dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids from vegetable oil, are highly value-added products and are widely used as adhesives [7–9], plastic additives [10,11], and lubricants [12]. Several synthesis methods have been investigated to date to obtain dimer acids. However, the reported methods inevitably produce a mixture of several isomers of dimer acids including acyclic and cyclic dimer acids (CDAs) owing to the use of different raw materials. Due to several possible couplings, synthesized CDAs may have several chemically different side arms on the cyclic ring. Moreover, both the detection and separation of specific dimer acids from the product mixture are difficult due to the similar in molecular weights of the acids. The development of analysis techniques for such complex compounds is therefore required.
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