burning brings losses
in nutrients such as 80% of nitrogen, 25% of phosphorus,
21% of potassium, and soil organic matter. This also kills
beneficial soil insects and microorganisms (Mandal et al., 2004).
In addition, rice straw burned in the field increases the emission
of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as methane (CH4), at a rate of
1.2–2.2 g per kg dry straw (Kadam et al., 2000; Yevich and Logan,
2003).