It is very clear that authors have two different views on empowerment. The
first two definitions by Burke and Cornwall view empowerment as sharing power
and authority (a relational perspective), while definitions by Randolph and
Conger and Kanungo view empowerment as a motivational construct (a
psychological perspective). Conger and Kanungo (1988) state that in the
management literature these two meanings are confused and considered to have
the same meaning. In the same manner, Thomas and Velthouse (1990, p.666)
say: