In the capability perspective, the fundamental promise is that they are utilizing and combining
mechanisms that produce the firm’s strategic benefits; such mechanisms as managerial IT skills are firmspecific
and hard to imitate (Teo & Ranganathan, 2003). Peppard and Ward (2004) suggested that these
are a firm’s process, roles, and structure that produce and shape those mechanisms. Accordingly, they
proposed that IS capability has three attributes: business and IT knowledge fusion, flexible IT
infrastructure, and effective utilization process.