1. Introduction
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is not a clear-cut academic subject like history,mathematics, or literature; it has not secured a domain in the public school curriculum like other subject areas.
There might be several reasons could be put forth to explain this; for example, ICT is a new academic subject, or ICT is a teaching and learning tool.
Different approaches to learning define ICT differently.
For the objectivist approach, ICT is a new subject matter, new skills that need to be learned by students.
According to the cognitivists’ and constructivists’ views, ICT is a learning tool that can provide a number of learning activities, from tutoring to simulations.
ICT is a mediational tool, a cultural artifact for the sociocultural approaches to learning.
In this study, first, I will provide information about ICT curriculum.
Later, I will discuss approaches to curriculum development.
Finally, I will propose five ICT integration models for middle school and high school.
It is important to state that in the US there are national standards on ICT that provide an outline for the integration of into curricula for state and school districts.