Food fortification (FF) is defined as the addition of
one or more essential nutrients to a food, whether or not it
is normally contained in the food, for the purpose of
preventing or correcting a demonstrated deficiency of one
or more nutrients in the population or specific population
groups [1]. Fortification therefore differs from enrichment,
which is the process of restoring the nutrients to a food
removed during refinement or production. Fortification
commonly uses staple foods as vehicles to deliver
micronutrients generally lacking or not contained in
sufficient concentration in the diet of a population and
has been practiced since the 1930s to target specific health
conditions such as iodine deficiency through the
iodisation of salt, anaemia through the fortification of
cereals with iron and vitamins, and neural tube defects
through the fortification of wheat flour with folic acid.