■ There are no validated parameters for determining the nutrition needs of patients with cancer. Generally, a high-calorie, high-protein diet with small frequent meals is recommended. The diet is modifi ed to alleviate nutrition-related side effects. ■ Increasing the calorie and protein densities of the diet is generally more acceptable than increasing the volume of food served. ■ An oral diet is used whenever possible. Enteral and parenteral nutrition are options in specifi c situations. ■ Malnutrition may speed the progression from HIV disease to AIDS. ■ Weight loss and wasting remain common problems in PLHA, despite major advances in treatment and survival.