One important implication of these find- ings is that if theories-in-use are few in number throughout the industrialized world, then understanding and facilitating learning should be more “do-able” than many have supposed. A second important implication is related to producing actionable knowledge. Actionable knowledge has been defined as information that actors could use, for exam- ple, to craft conversations that communicate the meanings they intend. Actionable knowl- edge has to specify how to produce meanings but leave actors free to select the specific words. Thus, the theory-in-use defined for face saving is an example of actionable knowl- edge. It defines the action strategies (bypass and cover-up), leaving it up to the actor to craft the actual words to be used