In most instances, governments and multi-lateral institutions will be instrumental in creating awareness and providing information on best practices, especially where long and complex value chains with diverse or conflicting interests are involved. Where ignorance is a barrier, market failures can often be addressed without resorting to regulation or the introduction of new incentives. This applies, for example, to some of the net negative marginal abatement cost mitigation options in the air transport cluster. One way to create such awareness is through mechanisms and procedures for collaborative decision-making, for example with regard to airspace organization or co-investment in ATN infrastructure and operational improvements at airports. Policy agreements on risk sharing and PPPs towards operational and infrastructural improvements in air transport would be an example of a combined information and incentive-based approach.