5. Results
5.1. Findings of the experiment
To answer research questions 1 and 2, the results are consid-ered without the subdivision into target groups. One-way analyses of variance were conducted with the factor language style (formal and personalized) as the independent variable, and transfer, reten-tion, and motivation as dependent variables. To answer the third research question, two-way analyses of variance were conducted with language style (formal and personalized) and target group (college students and participants in continuing education) as be-tween-subjects factors, and transfer, retention, and motivation as the dependent measures. Eta-square (g2) was computed as an appropriate effect size (Cohen, 1988).
5.1.1. The influence of personalization on transfer and retention
In this study, personalization effects on transfer were measured through tests requiring learners to use their acquired knowledge to