There are at least two other directions where
the notion of object-orientation is used; in
our opinion, they do not contribute to the definition
of object-oriented database systems,
but naturally come along with such systems.
object-oriented implementation : the
(database) system as a piece of software
is constructed as a set of abstract data
type instances, i.e. a specific kind of
modularization is applied, even nonobject-
oriented database systems may
have an object-oriented implementation;
object-oriented user/programming interlace
: the database system interface is
presented to the user/application programmer
in a fashion inspired by the
object - oriented proramming paradigm;
while this fits in very smoothly with an
object - oriented database system (expecially
of type (c)), it may also be provided
on top of any other database system.