(a) Deeper regional integration and South–South
cooperation;
(b) Growing diversification of sources of
supply enabled by technology and efficient
transportation;
(c) Emergence of new trading partners and access
to new markets facilitated by growing trade
and cooperation agreements;
(d) The expansion/opening of new sea routes (for
example, Panama Canal expansion and arctic
routes);
(e) Structural change in the world energy map and
consequent ripple effects on tanker trade;
(f) Moving-up of economies’ value chains from
labour intensive manufacturing to higher skilled
production (for example, China) and related
implications for other developing regions (Viet
Nam, Bangladesh, Africa);
(g) Growth in global demand induced by a growing
world population and a rise in the middle-class
consuming category;
(h) The emergence of developing-country banks
(for example, BRICS) with the potential to
raise funding to meet the significant transport
infrastructure investment needs.