1.Slow pyrolysis
Slow pyrolysis is the thermal conversion of biomass by slow heating at low to medium
temperatures (450 to 650°C) in the absence of oxygen, with the simultaneous capture of
syngas. Feedstocks in the form of dried biomass pellets or chips of various particle sizes are
fed into a heated furnace and exposed to uniform heating, generally through the use of
internal or external heating as retort furnace or kilns, respectively.
• residence times: >5 seconds for the production of syngas; minutes, hours or days for
biochar production
• relatively low reactor temperatures (450-650°C)
• reactor operating at atmospheric pressure
• very low heating rates, ranging from 0.01–2.0°C
• very short thermal quenching rate for pyrolysis products: minutes to hours.