Our experiments also verified this point as the TiO2 nanoparticle layer almost becomes black after dye absorb-ing (see Fig. S2(a)). The paste-1 and paste-2 were used to prepare the light-scattering layers of DSSCs in our work. Besides, the TiO2 spheres can also adsorb dye molecule as they has high specific sur-face area, as shown in Fig. S2(b) and (c), so they have dual-function of dye-absorbing and light scattering.