the antenna performance was analyzed based on the results generated by the aforementioned software. The discussions that follow focused on exploring the antenna performance by varying the substrate and metal thickness, and rubber permittivity
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Fig. 3 shows the simulated return loss for substrate thicknesses ranging from 1 to 3 mm, while the εr and tan δ of the substrate and metal thickness were fixed. The tan δ used was found from MNDT, as reported in [15], and is typical of the rubbers prepared in our work. It can be seen that by decreasing the substrate thickness, the return loss and bandwidth become smaller. The 1 mm substrate demonstrated smaller return loss compared to the 3 mm substrate. This could be due to the fact that dielectric loss and surface wave loss are reduced by reducing the thickness of the substrate [20]. On the other hand with the increase in substrate thickness, the W/h ratio reduces which decreases εr and hence increases the resonance frequency. Table 3 shows the corresponding values of return losses for each thickness, which prove the return losses were affected by substrate thickness.
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The relative permittivity of the substrate was varied on a scale of 3 to 5 with a step size of one for a fixed substrate thickness of h =1 mm. In Fig. 4 we see that the return loss is reduced when a smaller εr is used. The resonant frequency also shifted higher with increasing εr. This is due to changes of antenna dimensions which happen when a different εr is used [21]. In addition, the antenna bandwidth increased with εr.
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With conventional microstrip circuits, the metal layer thickness is normally fixed. However with a new substrate used, it is important to investigate the effect of patch thickness on antenna response. Fig. 5 shows the simulated return loss for three different metal thicknesses (t = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mm). It can be seen that by increasing the thickness, the return loss is improved. The patch with 0.5 mm thickness shows better return loss compared to the 0.1 mm patch. However, it is noticeable that the resonant frequency is not affected by the metal thickness. It is because the resonant frequency is only affected by the antenna dimensions.
the antenna performance was analyzed based on the results generated by the aforementioned software. The discussions that follow focused on exploring the antenna performance by varying the substrate and metal thickness, and rubber permittivity
aaaaaa
Fig. 3 shows the simulated return loss for substrate thicknesses ranging from 1 to 3 mm, while the εr and tan δ of the substrate and metal thickness were fixed. The tan δ used was found from MNDT, as reported in [15], and is typical of the rubbers prepared in our work. It can be seen that by decreasing the substrate thickness, the return loss and bandwidth become smaller. The 1 mm substrate demonstrated smaller return loss compared to the 3 mm substrate. This could be due to the fact that dielectric loss and surface wave loss are reduced by reducing the thickness of the substrate [20]. On the other hand with the increase in substrate thickness, the W/h ratio reduces which decreases εr and hence increases the resonance frequency. Table 3 shows the corresponding values of return losses for each thickness, which prove the return losses were affected by substrate thickness.
ิิbbbbbb
The relative permittivity of the substrate was varied on a scale of 3 to 5 with a step size of one for a fixed substrate thickness of h =1 mm. In Fig. 4 we see that the return loss is reduced when a smaller εr is used. The resonant frequency also shifted higher with increasing εr. This is due to changes of antenna dimensions which happen when a different εr is used [21]. In addition, the antenna bandwidth increased with εr.
ccccccc
With conventional microstrip circuits, the metal layer thickness is normally fixed. However with a new substrate used, it is important to investigate the effect of patch thickness on antenna response. Fig. 5 shows the simulated return loss for three different metal thicknesses (t = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mm). It can be seen that by increasing the thickness, the return loss is improved. The patch with 0.5 mm thickness shows better return loss compared to the 0.1 mm patch. However, it is noticeable that the resonant frequency is not affected by the metal thickness. It is because the resonant frequency is only affected by the antenna dimensions.
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