Measures
Only a portion of the 125 survey questions are applicable to the relations examined in this project. The majority
of the questions were either categorical or semantic differential scales (see Appendix B). While we used general concepts from previous studies to construct the instrument
used for this research, the majority of the constructs were
purpose developed. Appendix C contains criterion variables that we correlate with our constructs to demonstrate
plausibility. We based the scale for extent of lean manufacturing on the Shingo Prize 2006 guidelines.
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The nine elements representing lean manufacturing—standardization,
manufacturing cells, reduced setup times, kanban system,
one-piece flow, reduced lot sizes, reduced buffer inventories,
5S, and Kaizen—are consistent with extant literature