Kanuma clay and Akadama clay are widespread and very cheap
in Japan. They originate from volcanic fields and are widely used as
a soil medium. Kanuma clay and Akadama clay are mainly utilized
as cultivating clay for plants and flowers due to good soil osmosis,
air permeability, and water storage. They have excellent adsorption
properties, and some researchers have used them to remove
fluorine and arsenic effectively [20,21]. As far as we know, high
ammonia removal using ceramic adsorbent synthesized from
Kanuma clay and Akadama clay has not been reported by other
researchers.