learning is an active process of integrating information with pre-existing knowledge.
Cognitively oriented constructivist theories such as discovery learning and micro worlds emphasize exploration and discovery.
Socially oriented constructivist theories, such as social constructivism and cognitive apprenticeships stress the collaborative efforts of groups of learners as sources of learning.
In constructivism, the control over the learning process shifts from the teacher to student, with the learner playing an active role in the learning process.
Learning takes place in context and in collaboration and provides opportunities to solve realistic and meaningful problems.
In contrast, the teachers focus mainly on preparatory activities and provide support in case assistance is needed. Consequently, the teacher is an initiator of and an adviser in the learning process.