Intraperitoneal(lp) fuids are given when IV access is not available. Isotonic fluids are used with 16- to 20-gauge needles. The injection site must be as aseptic as possible and is usually located just lateral to ventral midline, between the umbilicus and pelvis. Disadvantages of IP fluid administration include the possibility of sepsis, the inability to use IP routes in animals awaiting abdominal surgery, and the inability to use hyper tonic solutions. Relatively rapid absorption is obtained with IP fluid administration