Sampling
When studying an information system, you
should collect examples of actual documents
using a process called sampling. The samples
might include records, reports, operational logs, FIGURE 4-23with text boxes, date pickers, and drop-down lists. Using Microsoft Word, you can create a fill-in form
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Chapter 4 Requirements Modeling
Other Fact-Finding Techniques
data entry documents, complaint summaries, work requests, and various types of forms.
Sampling techniques include systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and random sampling.
Suppose you have a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, and you want to review a representative sample of 20 customers. A systematic
sample would select every tenth customer for review. If you want to ensure that the sample is balanced geographically, however, you could use a stratified sample to select five
customers from each of four zip codes. Another example of stratified sampling is to select
a certain percentage of transactions from each zip code, rather than a fixed number.
Finally, a random sample selects any 20 customers.
The main objective of a sample is to ensure that it represents the overall population
accurately. If you are analyzing inventory transactions, for example, you should select a
sample of transactions that are typical of actual inventory operations and do not include
unusual or unrelated examples. For instance, if a company performs special processing
on the last business day of the month, that day is not a good time to sample typical daily
operations. To be useful, a sample must be large enough to provide a fair representation
of the overall data.
You also should consider sampling when using interviews or questionnaires. Rather
than interviewing everyone or sending a questionnaire to the entire group, you can use a
sample of participants. You must use sound sampling techniques to reflect the overall
population and obtain an accurate picture.
SamplingWhen studying an information system, youshould collect examples of actual documentsusing a process called sampling. The samplesmight include records, reports, operational logs, FIGURE 4-23with text boxes, date pickers, and drop-down lists. Using Microsoft Word, you can create a fill-in form168Chapter 4 Requirements ModelingOther Fact-Finding Techniquesdata entry documents, complaint summaries, work requests, and various types of forms.Sampling techniques include systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and random sampling.Suppose you have a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, and you want to review a representative sample of 20 customers. A systematicsample would select every tenth customer for review. If you want to ensure that the sample is balanced geographically, however, you could use a stratified sample to select fivecustomers from each of four zip codes. Another example of stratified sampling is to selecta certain percentage of transactions from each zip code, rather than a fixed number.Finally, a random sample selects any 20 customers.The main objective of a sample is to ensure that it represents the overall populationaccurately. If you are analyzing inventory transactions, for example, you should select asample of transactions that are typical of actual inventory operations and do not includeunusual or unrelated examples. For instance, if a company performs special processingon the last business day of the month, that day is not a good time to sample typical dailyoperations. To be useful, a sample must be large enough to provide a fair representationof the overall data.You also should consider sampling when using interviews or questionnaires. Ratherthan interviewing everyone or sending a questionnaire to the entire group, you can use asample of participants. You must use sound sampling techniques to reflect the overallpopulation and obtain an accurate picture.
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