Variation theory was used throughout the analysis, meaning that an overall question
was ‘What critical aspects are made possible to discern through the actions and interactions that are enacted in the lesson?’ Codes that were used in the analysis were observed for differences in: organization of content, what examples were given during the lessons, how the examples were structured, what was written on the whiteboard and how the dialogue and interaction during the lessons with the students influenced the learning possibilities. The differences in the enactments of the lessons were then compared to how the teachers expressed their intentions with the lessons, what
they had said about their students’ learning difficulties, and how they reflected upon
their own teaching in relation to and the learning possibilities that were offered.