These include block laying, cable pulling, glazing installation, manhole installation,
and pipe or drain installation.
These tasks were observed to expose workers to a medium to very high level of WMSDs and ill health.
WMSDs were observed to vary across sites depending on a number of factors such as the weight and frequency with which the loads were handled. Others include the tools and mechanical handling aids that are used, space constraints that may restrict the posture of individuals, communication and co-ordination issues when working as part of a team, time pressures, and work demands.