Moisture content and BD were within the limits recommended
by Arena (2012). The moisture content was 30.2 wt.% (ar). In general,
updraft gasifiers cope very well with moisture contents up to
50.0 wt.% (ar), as the feedstock dehydrates in the drying zone at the
top of the reactor. PL rarely exceeds this value, since poultry sheds
are usually ventilated thoroughly to keep the BM between 20 and
25 wt.% (Fairchild and Czarick, 2011). This precaution is important
for bird welfare by avoiding exposure to harmful microorganisms.
Miles et al. (2011) reported a critical moisture level between 37.4
and 51.1% litter moisture, at which ammonia (NH3) emissions are
at their maximum, and recommend moisture contents of litter
below or above these values. The BD of PL (ar) was 411.2 kg m3,
which is in agreement with Singh et al. (2008) and Coloma
(2005) who reported values of 466.7 kg m3 (ar) and between
410.0 and 434.9 kg m3 (ar) respectively.
Moisture content and BD were within the limits recommendedby Arena (2012). The moisture content was 30.2 wt.% (ar). In general,updraft gasifiers cope very well with moisture contents up to50.0 wt.% (ar), as the feedstock dehydrates in the drying zone at thetop of the reactor. PL rarely exceeds this value, since poultry shedsare usually ventilated thoroughly to keep the BM between 20 and25 wt.% (Fairchild and Czarick, 2011). This precaution is importantfor bird welfare by avoiding exposure to harmful microorganisms.Miles et al. (2011) reported a critical moisture level between 37.4and 51.1% litter moisture, at which ammonia (NH3) emissions areat their maximum, and recommend moisture contents of litterbelow or above these values. The BD of PL (ar) was 411.2 kg m3,which is in agreement with Singh et al. (2008) and Coloma(2005) who reported values of 466.7 kg m3 (ar) and between410.0 and 434.9 kg m3 (ar) respectively.
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