we placed approximately 40,000 specimens in an attachment
tank in order to let them naturally re-adhered to twenty Plexiglas1
panels (size: 70
40 cm; Fig. 1) via their byssus over a period of
2 weeks. During this acclimatization period, the bivalves were kept
in tap water and fed with the blue–green alga alga Spirulina spp.
The Plexiglas1 panels were then placed into the pilot-plant (Fig. 1),
a stainless steel tank with a volume of about 1000 L (L = 154.0 cm,
h = 102.0 cm, w = 80.5 cm), where were disposed following a zigzag
pathway (yellow line, Fig. 2), in order to increase both the
surface and the contact time between the wastewater and each
bivalve. In addition to the steel tank, we installed a recirculation
tank (Fig. 1) with a volume of 200 L with a submerged pump to
allow a constant wastewater
flow (3500 L/h) into the pilot-plant.
The recirculation tank further increases the contact time between
the wastewater and the
filter-feeding bivalves placed into the pilotplant,
as well as limits the efficiency of settling which would
remove part of the contaminants adsorbed on suspended solids.
The pilot-plant can directly collect the effluent from the canal
placed between the sedimentation tanks and the sand
filters of the
Nosedo WWTP using a submersible pump (0–5000 L/h). The
installation site of the pilot-plant allows to test a clarified effluent
and to avoid the risk that suspended solids cannot only
compromise the
filtration capability of bivalves but also cause
the animal death due to gill occlusion. Moreover, the pilot-plant
position into the Nosedo WWTP guaranteed the lack of any
possible accidental release of D. polymorpha specimens into the
surrounding environment because the sand
filters and the
following process of disinfection with peracetic acid stop and kill
any possible leaked organism.
we placed approximately 40,000 specimens in an attachmenttank in order to let them naturally re-adhered to twenty Plexiglas1panels (size: 7040 cm; Fig. 1) via their byssus over a period of2 weeks. During this acclimatization period, the bivalves were keptin tap water and fed with the blue–green alga alga Spirulina spp.The Plexiglas1 panels were then placed into the pilot-plant (Fig. 1),a stainless steel tank with a volume of about 1000 L (L = 154.0 cm,h = 102.0 cm, w = 80.5 cm), where were disposed following a zigzagpathway (yellow line, Fig. 2), in order to increase both thesurface and the contact time between the wastewater and eachbivalve. In addition to the steel tank, we installed a recirculationtank (Fig. 1) with a volume of 200 L with a submerged pump toallow a constant wastewaterflow (3500 L/h) into the pilot-plant.The recirculation tank further increases the contact time betweenthe wastewater and thefilter-feeding bivalves placed into the pilotplant,as well as limits the efficiency of settling which wouldremove part of the contaminants adsorbed on suspended solids.The pilot-plant can directly collect the effluent from the canalplaced between the sedimentation tanks and the sandfilters of theNosedo WWTP using a submersible pump (0–5000 L/h). Theinstallation site of the pilot-plant allows to test a clarified effluentand to avoid the risk that suspended solids cannot onlycompromise the
filtration capability of bivalves but also cause
the animal death due to gill occlusion. Moreover, the pilot-plant
position into the Nosedo WWTP guaranteed the lack of any
possible accidental release of D. polymorpha specimens into the
surrounding environment because the sand
filters and the
following process of disinfection with peracetic acid stop and kill
any possible leaked organism.
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