Bioactivity test
The bioactivity test can be referred to a method that is used
for monitoring the bioactivity of nanobiocomposite, during which
the samples are soaked in the simulated body fluids (SBF). The
reliability of the SBF test depends on the type of bioceramic and
biopolymer used. Natural polymer and silicate-based ceramics
reveal excellent ability to form apatite layers on the surface of
the hard and soft tissues. Table 2 represents the ion concentration
in the SBF solution which has been developed in accordance
with Kokubo’s method and also its comparison with human blood
plasma. According to the Kokubo’s method, the essential requirement
for a material to bond to the living bone is the formation of
bone-like apatite on its surface when it is implanted in the living
body. Nanobiocomposite samples were soaked in the SBF solution
for the given times of 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at 37 ◦C with
pH = 7.4, without refreshing the soaking medium [24–26]. After
these periods, the samples were taken out and dried at 60 ◦C for
1 h and then re-weighed.