Conflicts arose from how stakeholders selected their mitigation
measures that negatively affected the others. The Marine Department
carried out a protection design that incorporated concerns of
the stakeholders but this integrated study took too long. Since
communities and their local governments could not wait for the
study to finish, they struggled with their limited budgets and
knowledge to construct structures such as riprap and wooden piles
to protect their properties, even though they knew those structures
would eventually be destroyed by waves. The Department of
Highways was in a hurry to protect roads by constructing seawall
without considering the community’s way of living. The seawall
construction was halted by community resistance because it prevented
fishermen from moving their boats across the shore.