Key Words: delusion, paranoid schizophrenia, etiology,
human leukocyte antigens, association, paranoid symptoms
Paranoid symptoms are among the most dramatic and serious
disturbances in psychiatry and medicine. Paranoid
symptomscommonlyseen in various psychiatric disorders are
known as the “paranoid spectrum” (1). Kraepelin (1856 to
1926) clearly described paranoia and included it in a continuum
of illnesses with delusional features, which also subsumed
paraphrenia and paranoid schizophrenia (2). Since
Kraepelin’s time, many psychiatrists have believed that
paranoia–delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia are
opposite ends of a continuum of psychotic disorders that have
delusions as a prominent feature (2). However, controversy
continues as to whether the paranoid (delusional) psychoses
belong within, or are separate from, the schizophrenia disorders.
The nosologic approaches to paranoid schizophrenia
and paranoid psychosis differ substantially (3). Family studies
have played a central role in the controversy over the
nosologic status of paranoid psychosis or delusional disorder.
In 1987, the revised third edition of the DSM distinguished
delusional (paranoid) disorder from paranoid
schizophrenia (4).
Delusional disorder, a psychosis previously called
“paraphrenia” (5), is characterized by monosymptomatic
paranoid symptoms. Delusions are considered as the basic
factor responsible for the severity of many neuropsychiatric
as well as medical conditions. However, research has not
investigated the underlying psychopathology of such delusional
manifestation in variable diseases. Many studies have
explored the possibility of relating delusional disorder to
other disorders such as schizophrenia and affective diseases.
Delusional disorders are usually thought to overlap with
schizophrenic disorders, and there may be a continuum with
paranoid schizophrenia (6). Although paranoid schizophrenia
is invariably grouped with other schizophrenia subtypes,there
is still justification for Kraepelin’s original concept of its
belonging with the delusional disorders (7). Huge controversy
still exists, without any biological support. We feel it is
worthwhile to investigate the biological basis of the paranoid
spectrum.
Key Words: delusion, paranoid schizophrenia, etiology,human leukocyte antigens, association, paranoid symptomsParanoid symptoms are among the most dramatic and seriousdisturbances in psychiatry and medicine. Paranoidsymptomscommonlyseen in various psychiatric disorders areknown as the “paranoid spectrum” (1). Kraepelin (1856 to1926) clearly described paranoia and included it in a continuumof illnesses with delusional features, which also subsumedparaphrenia and paranoid schizophrenia (2). SinceKraepelin’s time, many psychiatrists have believed thatparanoia–delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia areopposite ends of a continuum of psychotic disorders that havedelusions as a prominent feature (2). However, controversycontinues as to whether the paranoid (delusional) psychosesbelong within, or are separate from, the schizophrenia disorders.The nosologic approaches to paranoid schizophreniaand paranoid psychosis differ substantially (3). Family studieshave played a central role in the controversy over thenosologic status of paranoid psychosis or delusional disorder.In 1987, the revised third edition of the DSM distinguisheddelusional (paranoid) disorder from paranoidschizophrenia (4).Delusional disorder, a psychosis previously called“paraphrenia” (5), is characterized by monosymptomaticparanoid symptoms. Delusions are considered as the basicfactor responsible for the severity of many neuropsychiatricas well as medical conditions. However, research has notinvestigated the underlying psychopathology of such delusionalmanifestation in variable diseases. Many studies haveexplored the possibility of relating delusional disorder toother disorders such as schizophrenia and affective diseases.Delusional disorders are usually thought to overlap withschizophrenic disorders, and there may be a continuum withparanoid schizophrenia (6). Although paranoid schizophreniais invariably grouped with other schizophrenia subtypes,thereis still justification for Kraepelin’s original concept of itsbelonging with the delusional disorders (7). Huge controversystill exists, without any biological support. We feel it isworthwhile to investigate the biological basis of the paranoidspectrum.
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