In the SiNE group, rhinoscopy was performed using a flexible or a rigid endoscope of variable di ameters according to patient size; nasal neoplasia was diagnosed on the basis of histological find ings. A complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, coagulation profile, abdominal ultrasound, and 3-view thoracic radiographs were performed. A CT/MRI was performed to determine the size and extension of the tumor. The patients were staged using Adam’s staging system (Table 1)