T.H. Marshall (1950, 1975, 1981), the most in influential theorist of citizenship
in Britain, has dened citizenship as
a status bestowed on those who
are full members of a community(1950: 14), which includes civil, political
and social rights and obligations. By formally linking citizenship to
membership in a community rather than to the state, as liberal denitions
of citizenship do, Marshall’s denition enables us analytically to discuss
citizenship as a multi-tier construct, which applies to people’s membership
in a variety of collectivities – local, ethnic, national and trans-national.