For image analysis, modern image processing techniques have therefore become
indispensable. Artificial systems must be designed to analyze medical datasets
either in a partially or even a fully automatic manner. This is a challenging application
of the field known as artificial vision (see Section 4.1). Such algorithms
are based on mathematical models (see Section 4.2). In medical image analysis,
as in many practical mathematical applications, numerical simulations should be
regarded as the end product. The purpose of the mathematical analysis is to guarantee
that the constructed algorithms will behave as desired.