INTRODUCTION
Over the last forty years, numerous studies (Phyrr, 1973; Woffard, 1978; Keliher & Mahoney, 2000;
Weaver & Michelson, 2004) have emerged highlighting the benefits of simulation analysis of ex ante
discounted cash flow (DCF) real estate investment returns. Although academic literature espouses
these benefits, little progress has occurred to actually incorporate probabilistic modeling into
professional real estate investing. A recent study by Edward, Farragher and Savage (2008) finds that
only 55% of professional real estate investors use any form of quantitative risk analysis when
evaluating real estate investments. Of the techniques most frequently cited were manual scenario and
sensitivity analysis at 44% and 39% respectively. Their findings show that more advanced techniques,
such as Monte Carlo simulation, were almost nonexistent in usage at only 2%. Early research by
Stephen Pyhrr (1973) revealed the many problems encountered by investors when using probabilistic
simulation of real estate returns. Phyrr noted the difficulties in understanding the interdependences and
distributions of the input parameters as being a major obstacle along with the ability of real estate
investors to interpret the data. A review of the recent literature reveals similar issues still persist today.
INTRODUCTIONOver the last forty years, numerous studies (Phyrr, 1973; Woffard, 1978; Keliher & Mahoney, 2000;Weaver & Michelson, 2004) have emerged highlighting the benefits of simulation analysis of ex antediscounted cash flow (DCF) real estate investment returns. Although academic literature espousesthese benefits, little progress has occurred to actually incorporate probabilistic modeling intoprofessional real estate investing. A recent study by Edward, Farragher and Savage (2008) finds thatonly 55% of professional real estate investors use any form of quantitative risk analysis whenevaluating real estate investments. Of the techniques most frequently cited were manual scenario andsensitivity analysis at 44% and 39% respectively. Their findings show that more advanced techniques,such as Monte Carlo simulation, were almost nonexistent in usage at only 2%. Early research byStephen Pyhrr (1973) revealed the many problems encountered by investors when using probabilisticsimulation of real estate returns. Phyrr noted the difficulties in understanding the interdependences anddistributions of the input parameters as being a major obstacle along with the ability of real estateinvestors to interpret the data. A review of the recent literature reveals similar issues still persist today.
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